This research studies the use of biochar produced from local agricultural waste to improve soil fertility. Poor soil quality is a common problem that affects plant growth and reduces crop yield in many farming areas. The objective of this study is to investigate whether biochar can increase soil nutrients, improve water retention, and support overall plant growth. The methodology involves producing biochar through the controlled pyrolysis of plant-based agricultural waste. The biochar will then be mixed with soil and tested on plant seedlings, while normal soil without biochar will be used as a control for comparison. Data will be collected weekly by measuring plant height, number of leaves, and the general health of the plants. The results will be analysed to determine the effect of biochar on plant development and soil quality. The findings are expected to show that biochar can improve soil fertility and provide an affordable, environmentally friendly solution that benefits local farmers and supports sustainable agricultural practices in the future.

Plastic pollution is a critical global crisis. This project investigates the development of biodegradable plastics using locally sourced sago and nipah starch from Pusa, Sarawak. By extracting starch from local agricultural biomass and mixing it with glycerin and acetic acid, we aim to formulate an eco-friendly bioplastic. The study tests varying concentrations of glycerin as a plasticizer to determine the optimal balance between tensile strength and flexibility. Expected results will show that higher glycerin volume increases the bioplastic's flexibility but reduces its tensile strength. This provides a sustainable, hyper-local alternative to single-use synthetic plastics, promoting a circular economy and supporting SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

Every year, pests and diseases silently destroy up to 40% of the world's crops, causing serious food shortage and losses for farmers. Our project, the Smart Soil and Pest Monitoring System, combines a capacitive soil moisture sensor with Artificial Intelligence to automatically monitor plant health. We discovered that wet soil conditions tend to favour fungal infections, while dry soil conditions tend to be associated with chewing and sucking pest activity. When abnormal soil moisture is detected, our Raspberry Pi 4 immediately captures leaf photos. An EfficientNetB0 deep learning model by Google — trained on 665 leaf images across 5 categories — analyses each photo instantly. If a pest or disease is detected with above 50% confidence, a Telegram alert reaches the farmer's phone within seconds. Our best performing AI model achieved 81.68% validation accuracy, helping farmers detect plant problems earlier, respond quickly, and protect their crops before serious damage occurs.

This research investigates how 222 nm Far-UVC light, used for continuous disinfection, affects the durability of PVC materials. While Far-UVC can eliminate over 99.9% of microbes, prolonged exposure may weaken and discolor plastics. The study tests water-based polyurethane coatings and silica bandpass filters to reduce degradation while maintaining strong antimicrobial effectiveness, aiming to identify a practical method that protects materials while preserving disinfection performance.

Waste2Wealth transforms used cigarette filters into carbon-based adsorption blocks for soil remediation. Filters are cleaned, carbonized, and chemically activated to boost surface area. The activated carbon is pressed into blocks with a safe binder and enclosed in mesh for easy retrieval. These blocks help adsorb pollutants, reduce litter, and promote sustainable reuse of waste.

The topic had been very popular recently was absolutely about price fuel hiking in global market. Not only the country that didn't produced the oil facing this problem, but all around the world, including our country had to faced this problem. Furthermore, we always here the speculations about the decreasing stock of oil from day to day. As example, our country Malaysia, have been forecasted to have the oil under the sea till about 10-15 years more. So, it is be the responsibility to our new generation to find the way and solution to solve this two major crisis in our world now. Many researches have been done by geniuses to find the solution to this problem. Finally they have found new alternative to replace the fossil fuel that we use today. From 1000 thousand experiment that had been conducted, they can proof that Hydrogen can be ultimate substitute for ordinary fossil fuel. The present research shows how can hydrogen will be use to fire up an engine, but the expenses to make it happen is too expensive. This experiment is about mixing hydrogen with fuel to get better car performance, more clean emissions and at the same time will safe you hard earned cash. In this experiment, hydrogen will be produced from electrolysis of water to get the HHO gas and will be mixed with fuel inside the combustion chamber.

Sarawak has many orchid species, but those from peat swamp and lowland forests are rarely studied genetically. This study focuses on endemic and endangered Bulbophyllum orchids from Kuching to generate chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) barcode data for species identification and conservation. Leaf samples from Bulbophyllum orthoglossum, B. kubahense, and B. scintillans were collected, DNA extracted, and the chloroplast matK gene amplified with PCR and sequenced using Sanger sequencing. DNA sequences were analysed using BLAST, alignment and phylogenetic analysis to study genetic relationships. This research provides new genetic data for Sarawak endemics and supports future conservation and taxonomic work.

One of the biggest environmental problems we face today is plastic pollution, with millions of tons of plastic waste ending up in oceans and landfills every year. Simultaneously, there is a growing demand for sustainable food and protein worldwide. This research investigates a conceptual biotechnological path that could enable the conversion of plastic waste to a beneficial biological feedstock. Some microbes, including Ideonella sakaiensis, excrete enzymes like PETase capable of digesting PET plastic into smaller chemical molecules. These molecules could act as carbon source for microorganisms to grow up and generate Single-cell protein, a protein-rich biomass. This project shows how microorganisms use available carbon sources to produce microbial biomass through a simplified fermentation model laboratory experiment. This study illustrates an area where biotechnology could potentially play a role in a future circular system, repurposing plastic waste to recover sustainable protein resources.

This study develops biodegradable seedling pots from discarded library books enhanced with eco enzyme and molded using 3D-printed molds. We hypothesize that recycled paper pulp combined with eco enzyme can produce structurally stable planting containers supporting seedling growth comparable to plastic pots. Results show healthy plant growth and gradual pot biodegradation, demonstrating a sustainable circular solution for school waste management.

Freshwater clams have emerged as effective natural agents for improving water quality due to their filtration capabilities. They can reduce nutrient loads, including nitrogen and phosphorus, and remove pollutants such as industrial dyes, heavy metals, and microplastics from the water column, transferring microplastics to sediments. Species like Actinonaias carinata and Elliptio dilatatus exhibit high filtration capacity, contributing to the control of eutrophication and reduction of algal blooms, which benefits aquaculture and freshwater ecosystems. Furthermore, clams serve as biological early-warning systems because of their sensitivity to environmental toxins, allowing for monitoring of pollution levels. However, the use of clams for water purification presents limitations, including the potential bioaccumulation of toxins in their tissues and the need to manage invasive species. Overall, research indicates that freshwater clams offer a sustainable and cost-effective solution for wastewater treatment and environmental monitoring, with significant potential for practical applications in aquaculture and ecosystem management

This study will formulate natural soap using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) infused with Adonidia merrillii seed powder and will compare it with pure VCO soap. It will assess pH, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. The infused soap is expected to show higher bioactivity and acceptable physicochemical properties, supporting its potential as a sustainable alternative.